In 5e there is almost nothing devoted to this, the renown system is the closest we get, and, to be honest, it doesn't make sense. If you do something to gain power with the faction of law and order, how does that not (generally at least) affect your standing with the faction of criminals? Also, when you're thinking about a settlement, be that a hamlet, or the capital, what keeps it alive? What makes it tick? If you can start to answer that, you can start to make your settlements feel alive. This isn't going to descend into economics, that really doesn't work for me, although if it is your cup of tea, go for it. My academic background is as a biomedical scientist, and then as a microbiologist, so I tend to think of hamlets, villages, towns and cities as broadly analogous to living things. I'm not going to deep dive here either (although personally I often do, if it's a campaign setting that's going to last for a long time) but if you think about what your bod...
This blog is written with the assumption that Wizards of the Coast lose their marbles and appoint me to be the lead designer for 6e D&D! It's not going to start as a serious play-test build, more outlining the ideas I'd like to see but if there is enough interest it might build up to more.